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Before youre water goes through a treatment plant its comes from a source such a s a lake/ reservoir or river. Then goes though the treatment plants were the big stuff is screened out. From there the fine dirt and color is removed with chemical coagulants injected into the water and mixed which forms what is called "floc" kind of looks like dirty snow flakes, but is actually all the turbidity (dirt) and bacteria in the water. All that Floc is then allowed to slowly settle, then what is left is clean water with fine particles. that cleaner water is then filtered though some sort of multilayer filter media, then chlorine is added and out it goes to the Distribution system and to you’re home! This was just a basic over view and there is a LOT involved that no to many people are aware and just take granted for. youre local water treatment plant most likely would love to set up tours. Oh and If there is any question, YES tap water is safe. Its more regulated than bottled water. Here is a little link http://abcnews.go.com/2020/Health/story?id=728070&page=1

Other Answers

butters did a good job with his answer. But to add to that, many people get water from modern drilled wells on their own property (like me). It is not treated at all.

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And now the rest of the story: Some water comes from municipal wells, which receives minimal treatment. All public water sources are required to be tested for various contaminates to insure public safety.

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